A good business makes a fair profit so that it may continue to grow, pay fair wages/salaries to employees who feel appreciated and are happy, and serve the people who are assured of value and honesty. So simple – the economic theory I studied for A level and later taught. That three-part analysis is an excellent foundation for all economic thinking because it is person-centred.
We also studied Economic History and I knew such anger at the age of sixteen to eighteen. I saw profiteering not profit, dreadful working conditions and low wages, a beaten society having to accept what the wealthy and powerful gave them. The exploitation was frightening: up to sixteen hour days in the coal mines for six days each week, women expected to put in nine-hour shifts and even children employed in the hopeless darkness of opening and closing doors.
Factories were sweat shops, the docks hard and heavy labour – and it had all been done to my Irish/Welsh generations, huddled in hovels allotted to them by the great and the good who controlled governments, national and local, controlled trade and employment terms and conditions, built churches and chapels in thanksgiving to themselves and to God for all they had been given. Self congratulation and occasional reverences to the Almighty were all I could see.
My Irish people had to endure the double suffering of escaping the famine and finding no welcome from the Welsh poor who despised them as economic immigrants. “Newtown”, a crowded huddle of eight streets, was built for them on the edge of Cardiff’s dockland. “Little Ireland” was its unofficial name and no room there, either, for anyone non-Irish. Poverty closes communities into extremes of protectionism.
Docks, coal mines, sweat shop factories, misery, drunkenness, poverty and exhaustion were our South Wales economic history and the churches open on Sundays after a silent week. On Sunday the exhausted poor rested but Lord and Lady and friends were welcomed to come to the house of God built by their families on the profits of slave-like work and pittance wages. “Let us thank almighty God . . .” God wasn’t in those empty self-praising churches and chapels but crying with the poor, I knew. Like some of the good people I glimpsed who were unafraid of poverty and misery, went to love and serve those in need, the wonderful Salvation Army standing out.
Today the poorer parts of the world groan under the burdens of debt, unfavourable terms of trade, watching the wealthy become wealthier and themselves poorer, living in shanties, make-shift tent cities, beggars on the world stage.
I knew education begins the answer – for everyone, unconditionally for everyone. I was gifted it. The simple start was my local Catholic school which educated me to pass the 11 plus and become “select” for higher and higher education. I then met E.F. Schumacher. So must you. He is over the page, waiting for us.
Dear Lord, help us bring justice,
Fr John
(12th September 2021)
Related Links: Popular Reads and Fr John’s Parish Newsletters
Schumacher set himself against the geo-political thinking of the mid-twentieth century and brought economics back to its people-centred setting:
- The world’s greatest gift is human life to tend and cultivate the earth in all its richness.
- Share the earth, do not possess or control it.
- Everyone has a valued place in a good society – no one is useless, everyone encouraged, new personal insights always appreciated.
- We are all gifted and need to give. We thrive in a healthy society.
- Towns and cities should feel like “home”, not jungles of streets and brick and shanty hovels.
- He quotes Byron “The Tree of Knowledge is not The Tree of Life”, and Charles Darwin who had watched himself die to all sense of beauty in music, poetry and art, and make of his mind a sort of machine for grinding out general laws.”
- Appreciate the world of nature, land, creatures.
- Abuse of creation leads to waste-land, deserts, and the destruction of top-soil on which all life depends.
- It is our duty to constantly restore, replace, preserve, renew.
- Nature offers clear guidelines and good education leads to best local understanding of resources: land, water, forestation, rotation of crops, fallow years . . .
- The large cities in the poorer countries offer no vision: they look to the wealthy world and ignore the poverty-stricken, unemployed and unemployable, the drop-outs, those living in the shadows.
- Encourage positive relationships based on a sense of equality and mutual appreciation of different ways.
- Plant a tree every few years.
- Plan carefully together for a shared prosperity, rather than leave such tasks to boastful and deceiving forecasters.
- Stop. Look. Listen.
- With good organisation and individual freedom – work together.
- People are at the centre of good economics.
- Education is the best aid we can give.
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Contd…
Gerald McCarthy was my cousin. He was a brilliant rugby player and captained the Welsh Schools XV at 15 and 18. My school friends, from four and a half, were Gary Sullivan and Paul Donovan and our friendships lasted right through our lives.
A fight began as Upper Sixth were coming out of class and Lower Sixth going in . . . Gary told Gerald he should be ashamed of playing for Wales: he was false to his name and to his Irish people. Gerald angrily replied that he was born in Wales, as his parents had been, and he knew his Irish history; but his home and his family were all in Wales.
“You can’t be Irish and Welsh” shouted Gary, “you have to choose!” Suddenly it was ugly. They went for each other but we held them back. There was anger, bewilderment, involvement, tension. We all knew it.
We each had that familiar story each in our own way – Irish immigrant families, Welsh home and upbringing – but how differently we had been growing up. Jack and Paul F were already Welsh nationalists, Gary and others only looked back to Ireland, others wanted to claim belonging to both. What united us was our Catholic faith and school, and the privilege of being the first generation to be offered higher education by the State.
The 11+ exam had opened for us doors closed to the preceding generations of our families. We were the first on the path which was to become a glorious vision of education for the whole world, free and provided by the State.
Education beyond the dreams of our parents and families was ours because of success at the 11+ exam. Better was to come. Comprehensive Education with no division was better – and then the Academies have become a further development, all students encouraged to achieve their best, “Streaming” within schools a good system, the blending of strengths, coaching of weaknesses, the best pace for each student, good challenging at every level.
SWITZERLAND was the first school where I saw that comprehensive fullness: SW were the strongest, ITZ the middle, ER the slowest and most needy (LAND not needed but in reserve). There was easy movement between the various subjects and groups.
That post World War II generation led the way to a higher education for all. We have a sense of responsibility so that today we can claim an awareness of a universal right to education. This right may be stifled by powerful religious and political powers, by bigots, these battles to be won – but equality of education for girls is more recognised – someone as brave as even Malala risking her life to speak out.
Last week in the parish newsletter was a summary of a book “Small is Beautiful” by E.F. Schumacher which reminded the developed world that projects which served the poor best are those that allow them to be involved. Great projects, demanding huge capital outlay, benefit the investors: projects that engage huge numbers of the poor to develop their skills and co-operation are far better. Education, said Schumacher, is the best form of aid.
We have a world vision to share – good education, overcoming of religious bigotry and divisions, justice and freedom for every one in the human family. Private education must remain family choice – choice is precious – but as a world we must choose to make general education ever better. It is a challenge, but we must rise to the challenge. I feel privileged to have been there at the beginning: after World War II Great Britain accepted its responsibility to educate its citizens and not leave it to private enterprise. Slowly the world has been following.
God bless us,
Fr John
(19th September 2021)
WHAT HAPPENED TO MY FRIENDS?
Gerald McCarthy was accidentally killed on army manoeuvres the following year whilst doing National Service in the British army. Alec (also on National Service) died when the engine of the plane he was flying failed and the people saw him guide it to a safe place to crash. He had chosen not to bale out. A plaque in his memory is in the local church: he died to save them.
Gary, feisty always, had the happiest of marriages to a lovely Welsh girl and died at forty-eight waiting for a transplant. I was with him at the hospital. He had mellowed to the perfect Irish Welshman. My friend from four and a half.
Paul D played rugby for London Welsh and seemed certain to be chosen for Wales, but made clear his opposition to apartheid in South Africa and would not play against South Africa, so he was shelved. Paul became a lawyer. I was at his wedding in London and our friendship, from four and a half, continued until the end of his life.
Jack and Paul F never lost their Welsh Nationalist feelings, nor their wonderful sense of humour. My friends throughout their lives from our first year in secondary school.
